Rowlands Gill City Guide

The Complete Rowlands Gill Guide

Deep dive into local facts, traffic, jobs, and lifestyle data visualizations.

About Rowlands Gill – History and Culture

Rowlands Gill is a picturesque village nestled in the Derwent Valley within the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead. Its history is deeply rooted in the Industrial Revolution, when coal mining and ironworking dominated the local economy. The village grew rapidly in the 19th century as pits opened along the River Derwent, attracting workers from across the region. The closure of the collieries in the mid-20th century brought significant change, but the community reinvented itself as a desirable residential area for commuters working in Newcastle and Gateshead.

Today, Rowlands Gill retains a strong sense of identity through local traditions, community groups, and annual events. The village is surrounded by countryside, yet offers good transport links to urban centres. Its heritage is visible in the remaining miners' cottages, the former railway station building (now a private residence), and the many footpaths that trace the old industrial routes. The culture is a blend of Northumbrian friendliness and a pride in the area's natural beauty.

  • Gibside National Trust estate – a Georgian landscape garden with a Palladian chapel and column of liberty.
  • Derwent Walk – a 10-mile traffic-free path along the former railway line, perfect for walking and cycling.
  • Chopwell Wood – a large Forestry England site with trails, mountain biking, and picnic areas.
  • Rowlands Gill Library – a community hub offering books, events, and local history resources.
  • St. John the Baptist Church – a 19th-century Anglican church in the village centre.
  • The Old Station House – a reminder of the village's railway era.

Did You Know? – Facts about Rowlands Gill

Rowlands Gill may be a small village, but it punches above its weight in terms of natural surroundings and community spirit. The Derwent Walk is one of the most popular recreational routes in the North East, and the village serves as a gateway to the wider Derwent Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Despite its proximity to Newcastle, the area feels distinctly rural, with dark skies in the surrounding countryside offering occasional aurora sightings during strong solar activity.

  • Rowlands Gill was one of the first villages in the area to have electric street lighting installed.
  • The village appears in the Domesday Book as 'Roulundeshale' or similar spelling.
  • During World War II, the area was a base for Home Guard units and had several air raid shelters.
  • The local pub, The Crown & Thistle, dates back to the 18th century.
  • Rowlands Gill has won 'Best Kept Village' awards in Gateshead competitions.
  • The village has its own bronze age burial mounds nearby, indicating prehistoric settlement.
  • Chopwell Wood was used as a filming location for the BBC TV series 'Vera' and 'The Dumping Ground'.
  • The Derwent Walk follows the route of the former Stanhope & Tyne Railway, once a major coal and goods line.
  • Rowlands Gill has a thriving community radio station, 'Radio Gateshead', broadcasting to the area.
  • The village hosts an annual scarecrow competition during the summer gala.

Geography and Climate of Rowlands Gill

Rowlands Gill is situated in the valley of the River Derwent, a tributary of the Tyne. The village lies in a semi-rural setting, with steep wooded slopes rising to the north and south. The village centre is at an elevation of about 40 metres above sea level, but surrounding hills reach over 200 metres. The underlying geology consists of Carboniferous rocks, including coal seams that were extensively mined. The River Derwent forms the northern boundary of the village, with bridges connecting to the Newcastle direction.

  • Climate: Temperate maritime, with cool summers (average July high 18°C) and mild winters (average January low 1°C).
  • Rainfall: Around 700mm per year, fairly evenly distributed.
  • Snowfall: Occasional, with a few days of lying snow each winter.
  • Sunshine: Average about 1,400 hours per year.
  • Green spaces: Derwent Walk Countryside Park, Beechfield Gardens, and numerous pocket parks.
  • Natural features: The River Derwent is a key feature, with a weir and old mill ponds near the village.

Things to Do in Rowlands Gill

Rowlands Gill offers a range of activities centred on its outdoor environment, as well as community events. The village is a base for exploring the Derwent Valley, and its local facilities include a leisure centre, parks, and a handful of shops and pubs. The following subsections detail the main leisure pursuits.

Food & Dining

The village has a modest selection of dining options, ranging from traditional pubs to takeaways. The Crown & Thistle is a classic pub serving real ales and hearty pub food, while The Black Horse is another local favourite. There are also fish and chip shops, Indian takeaways, and a Chinese takeaway. For more fine dining, residents travel to Newcastle or the nearby village of Whickham.

  • The Crown & Thistle – traditional pub with an outdoor seating area by the bowling green.
  • The Black Horse – popular gastropub with a varied menu.
  • Rowlands Gill Fish Bar – classic fish and chips.
  • Spice Fusion – Indian takeaway and delivery.
  • Derwent Tandoori – Indian restaurant in nearby Swalwell.
  • Gibside Tea Room – for afternoon tea within the National Trust estate.
  • Chopwell Wood Cafe – a forest cafe serving light meals and cakes.

Festivals & Events

Community events are a highlight of village life. The Rowlands Gill Gala, held in June, is a long-standing tradition featuring a parade, live music, stalls, and children's activities. Christmas events include carol singing at the church and a festive lights switch-on. The Durham Miners' Gala, though not in the village, is a major regional event nearby.

  • Rowlands Gill Gala (June).
  • Christmas Light Switch-On (December).
  • Gibside Illuminations (autumn/winter light trail).
  • Chopwell Wood Festival (various community days).
  • St. John's Church Summer Fair (July).
  • Derwent Valley Heritage Weekend (September, with walks and talks).

Cultural Attractions

Cultural attractions are centred on the surrounding area, with Gibside being the premier attraction. The National Trust site includes a chapel, a banqueting house, and beautiful gardens. The village itself has a small local history display in the library. For more culture, Newcastle upon Tyne offers museums, galleries, and theatres within a 15-minute drive.

  • Gibside National Trust – 18th-century landscape garden.
  • Rowlands Gill Library – local history resources and reading groups.
  • Bowes Railway Path – historical railway heritage.
  • Dryden Tower (at Gibside) – a 60ft column built to celebrate British military victories.
  • St. John's Church – architectural interest with stained glass.

Outdoor Activities

The village is a haven for outdoor enthusiasts. The Derwent Walk is ideal for walking, cycling, and horse-riding. Chopwell Wood offers mountain biking trails, orienteering, and forest walks. The River Derwent provides fishing opportunities. There is also a local football field, tennis courts, and a bowling green in the village park.

  • Derwent Walk – 10-mile multi-use trail.
  • Chopwell Wood – over 10 miles of trails, bike hire available.
  • Gibside – parkland walks and picnic spots.
  • River Derwent – coarse fishing (permit required).
  • Beechfield Gardens – a community park with children's play area.
  • Wharncliffe Wood – local walking routes.
  • Gateshead Golf Club at Swalwell (9-hole course).
  • Newcastle Emirates Stadium tours (football) nearby.

Economy and Key Industries

Rowlands Gill's economy is primarily based on its role as a commuter suburb. Many residents work in Newcastle, Gateshead, or the Team Valley Trading Estate (one of the largest business parks in the North East). Local employment includes retail, hospitality, education, and public services. There is a small industrial estate in the village with firms in engineering and distribution.

  • Retail: Co-op supermarket, convenience stores, pharmacy, and charity shops.
  • Hospitality: Pubs, cafes, and takeaways.
  • Education: Rowlands Gill Primary School and local nursery.
  • Construction and trades: Many self-employed builders, plumbers, etc.
  • Public sector: Schools, NHS (community health centre), Gateshead Council.
  • Nearby major employers: Greggs, Sage Group, Nissan (Sunderland), NHS hospitals.
  • Industrial estate firms: Polymer Logistics, machine shops, storage units.

Where to Live in Rowlands Gill

The village offers a variety of housing, from traditional terraced miners' cottages in the centre to modern estates on the outskirts. Popular residential areas include the 'top end' near the school, the 'bottom end' near the river, and newer developments such as the Ryehill estate. Prices are generally lower than in Newcastle but higher than in more remote parts of County Durham. The village is popular with families and commuters.

  • Station Road area – convenient for the bus stop and village centre.
  • Castle View – a modern development with views towards Gibside.
  • Ryehill – newer estate with larger family homes.
  • Beechfield Gardens – desirable area close to the park.
  • The Village Centre – terraced homes, some with parking permits.
  • Derwent Road – riverside location (some flood risk consideration).
  • Chopwell area – semi-rural living adjacent to the wood.

Formalities and Visas in Rowlands Gill

As part of the United Kingdom, Rowlands Gill follows UK immigration rules. Non-UK nationals require visas to live, work, or study. The relevant visa categories include Skilled Worker, Family, Student, and Visitor visas. Applications are handled by UK Visas & Immigration. The nearest visa application centre is in Newcastle upon Tyne. It is advisable to seek professional advice as immigration rules are complex.

  • Skilled Worker visa – for those with a job offer in an eligible occupation.
  • Health and Care Worker visa – for medical professionals.
  • Family visa – for partners and dependants of UK residents or citizens.
  • Student visa – for academic courses at approved institutions.
  • Youth Mobility Scheme – for young people from certain countries.
  • EU Settlement Scheme – for EU/EEA/Swiss citizens who lived in the UK before 2021.
  • Visitor visa – for tourism or short business trips (up to 6 months).
  • Biometric residence permit (BRP) – required for longer stays.
  • Immigration Health Surcharge – paid as part of visa application for NHS access.
  • Right to Rent checks – landlords must verify immigration status.

Working in Rowlands Gill

The job market in Rowlands Gill itself is limited, but the surrounding area offers diverse opportunities. Commuting to Newcastle (15 minutes by car or 30-40 minutes by bus) opens up roles in finance, digital tech, education, healthcare, and retail. The Team Valley Trading Estate has many manufacturing and distribution jobs. The public sector is a major employer in Gateshead. Self-employment and remote work are increasingly common.

  • Healthcare: Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust.
  • Education: Universities of Newcastle, Northumbria, Sunderland, plus schools.
  • Professional services: Accounting, law, consultancy in Newcastle.
  • Retail: Metrocentre (one of Europe's largest shopping centres) in Gateshead.
  • Manufacturing: Nissan, Hitachi Rail, Siemens in the region.
  • Digital/tech: Sage Group, Accenture, and many startups.
  • Hospitality: hotels and restaurants in Newcastle.
  • Construction: ongoing housing and infrastructure projects.
  • Part-time/zero-hours: common in retail and care sectors.
  • Networking: local business groups, Newcastle Business Forum.

Studying in Rowlands Gill

Rowlands Gill has one primary school, Rowlands Gill Primary School, which feeds into secondary schools in Whickham or Consett. For higher education, students commute to Newcastle or Durham. Newcastle University, Northumbria University, University of Sunderland, and Durham University are within easy reach. There is a college in Gateshead (Gateshead College) offering vocational courses.

  • Rowlands Gill Primary School – Ofsted 'Good' rating.
  • Secondary schools: Whickham School (Good), Consett Academy (Good).
  • Gateshead College – further education and apprenticeships.
  • Newcastle University – a Russell Group university, strong in engineering, medicine, and humanities.
  • Northumbria University – known for design, business, and law.
  • University of Sunderland – pharmacy, nursing, and media.
  • Durham University – world-class teaching and research.
  • Student accommodation: Most students rent in Newcastle (Jesmond, Heaton).
  • Part-time work: opportunities in retail and hospitality.
  • Scholarships: available based on merit and financial need.
  • International students: require valid visa and pay international fees.
  • Libraries: Robinson Library (Newcastle) and Durham University Library.

Finance and Banks in Rowlands Gill

Rowlands Gill has a branch of HSBC (limited hours) and several ATMs. Other major banks (Barclays, Lloyds, Santander) have branches in nearby Blaydon or Newcastle. Online banking is widely used. Cash is still accepted but card payments dominate. Tax filing is done via HMRC online. Most people have current accounts, savings accounts, and credit cards.

  • HSBC – high street bank in village centre.
  • ATMs – at Co-op, petrol station, and several stand-alone.
  • Barclays – branch in Blaydon (2 miles).
  • Santander – branch in Metrocentre.
  • Digital banks: Monzo, Revolut, Starling are popular.
  • Currency: British Pound Sterling (£).
  • Tax: Income tax through PAYE; self-assessment for self-employed.
  • National Insurance – contributions for state pension and health.
  • International transfers: available via bank or specialist services (TransferWise).

Health Care in Rowlands Gill

The village has a GP surgery (Rowlands Gill Medical Centre) and a pharmacy. For hospitals, the main NHS provider is Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Gateshead, with Newcastle's Royal Victoria Infirmary (RVI) and Freeman Hospital for specialist care. An out-of-hours GP service is also available. The NHS is funded through general taxation. Private healthcare is available but less common.

  • Rowlands Gill Medical Centre – GP services, minor ailments.
  • Well Pharmacy – dispensing chemist in village.
  • Queen Elizabeth Hospital – A&E, maternity, and many departments (10 miles).
  • Royal Victoria Infirmary – major trauma center in Newcastle (8 miles).
  • Freeman Hospital – specialist cardiology, transplants.
  • NHS 111 – for urgent medical advice.
  • Dentists: several in Blaydon and Whickham (NHS and private).
  • Opticians: Specsavers in Metrocentre, independent in Whickham.
  • Mental health: Talking Heads (IAPT) in Gateshead.
  • Vaccinations: at GP surgery or local clinics.
  • Health visitors and midwives: community-based.

Accommodation in Rowlands Gill

Housing stock is a mix of Victorian terraces, semi-detached houses from the 1930s, and modern estates. Prices are generally affordable compared to central Newcastle. A three-bedroom house might cost £150,000–£200,000, with rents around £600–£900 per month. There are few flats or apartments. The village has some social housing. Buying is the most common tenure, but rental is available via estate agents.

  • Terraced houses: typical price £100,000–£150,000.
  • Semi-detached: £150,000–£220,000.
  • Detached houses: £250,000–£400,000.
  • Rental market: limited supply, mostly houses.
  • Council tax: Band A to D most common (annual £1,200–£2,000).

Planning Your Move to Rowlands Gill

Relocating to Rowlands Gill requires planning for the typical UK aspects: registering with a GP, setting up utilities, arranging school places, and potentially a change of driving licence. Removals firms are available locally. It is advisable to visit the area first. The village is generally safe and welcoming. Check flood zones if near the river.

  • Arrange property viewing through estate agents like Reeds Rains or local firms.
  • Check flood risk on the Environment Agency website (especially riverside properties).
  • Register with a GP shortly after moving (Rowlands Gill Medical Centre).
  • Notify the DVLA of change of address (for driving licence).
  • Transfer utilities: electricity, gas, water (choose supplier).
  • Set up council tax with Gateshead Council.
  • Register to vote – online via GOV.UK.
  • Renew car tax if needed.
  • Check bus routes and timetables for commuting.
  • Visit the local library for community information.

Leisure in Rowlands Gill

Evening leisure includes pub visits, the local cricket club's social events, and classes at the leisure centre. There is a cinema and a variety of restaurants in nearby Metrocentre. Whickham has a theatre. The village has a strong community spirit with clubs for gardening, photography, and book reading.

  • The Crown & Thistle – live music some weekends.
  • Rowlands Gill Cricket Club – clubhouse with bar and events.
  • Derwent Leisure Centre – gym, swimming pool, fitness classes.
  • Gateshead Metrocentre – shopping, cinema (Cineworld), restaurants, bowling.
  • Whickham Front Street – independent shops and cafes.
  • Newcastle Quayside – nightlife, restaurants on the Tyne.

Transportation Options in Rowlands Gill

Rowlands Gill is well-served by bus routes: Go North East services 6, 6A, 6B, and 47 connect to Newcastle, Gateshead, Consett, and Blaydon. The journey to Newcastle takes about 30-40 minutes. There is no rail station; the nearest is Blaydon (2 miles) or Metrocentre (4 miles). By car, the A694 connects to the A1(M) at junction 65. Cycling routes are popular.

  • Bus: frequent services to Newcastle (Bus Station) and Metrocentre.
  • Blaydon Station: Northern trains to Newcastle (12 minutes) and Carlisle.
  • Newcastle International Airport: 12 miles (25 minutes by car).
  • Tyne and Wear Metro: nearest stations at Central Station or Bank Foot.
  • Road: A694 key artery; parking in village is limited but available.
  • Cycling: National Cycle Network route 14 passes through (Derwent Walk).

Everyday Life in Rowlands Gill

Daily life is quiet and community-oriented. The village has a Co-op supermarket for groceries, a post office, and a pharmacy. The library offers free events for children and adults. Crime rates are low, and the area is considered safe. Most people wave or chat when out walking. The village has a few small parks for children.

  • Safety: Low crime; typical rural village.
  • Community: Active residents' associations and social media groups.
  • Services: Refuse collection weekly, recycling weekly.
  • Post office: Located in the Co-op.
  • Mobile coverage: Good for major networks (EE, O2, Vodafone).
  • Broadband: Fibre available (FTTC and some FTTP).

Cost of Living in Rowlands Gill

The cost of living in Rowlands Gill is slightly below the UK average, particularly for housing. Energy costs are typical, but older homes may be less energy-efficient. Groceries are similar to national prices. Dining out is affordable in local pubs. Council tax is lower than in many parts of London. A single person's monthly costs (excluding rent) average around £600–£750.

  • Rent (1-bed): £500–£700 per month.
  • Utilities: £150–£250 per month (electricity, gas, water, broadband).
  • Council tax: Band B approximately £150 per month.
  • Transport: Bus pass £60 per month; petrol about £1.40/litre.
  • Food: Weekly shop £40–£60 for one person.
  • Misc: Gym membership £25/month; cinema ticket £10.

Places to Visit in Rowlands Gill

Within the village, the main attractions are the Derwent Walk and Gibside. Chopwell Wood is a short drive west. Further afield, the city of Newcastle offers world-class museums, the Sage Gateshead, and Angel of the North. Durham City is a 30-minute drive with its cathedral and castle. The Northumberland coast is about 45 minutes away.

  • Gibside – explore the estate, see the chapel, column, and enjoy walks.
  • Derwent Walk – walk or cycle from Rowlands Gill to Consett or Swalwell.
  • Chopwell Wood – mountain biking and forest trails.
  • Angel of the North – iconic sculpture in Gateshead.
  • Beamish Museum – open-air living history museum (20 miles).
  • Newcastle upon Tyne – quayside, castle, Baltic Centre, nightlife.
  • Durham Cathedral and Castle – UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • Hadrian's Wall – sections accessible at Heddon-on-the-Wall and Housesteads.
  • Northumberland National Park – for hiking and dark skies (Kielder Water).
  • Metrocentre – shopping and leisure.

News & Testimonies

Recent news highlights ongoing community efforts to preserve the natural environment and improve facilities. The village has seen new housing developments causing some debate, but also investment in the leisure centre. Residents praise the friendliness of the community and the easy access to both countryside and city amenities.

  • Derwent Walk improvements: Gateshead Council has upgraded surfaces and signage.
  • New homes: housing estate at Ryehill completed 2020.
  • Leisure centre refurb: new gym equipment and a wellness suite.
  • Testimony: 'We moved here for the schools and the outdoor life. The commute to Newcastle is easy, but we feel we live in the country.' – Sarah, age 35.
  • Testimony: 'The Gala is a highlight of the year. Everyone comes out. It's a real community feel.' – Tom, age 68.

Forum Topics on Living in Rowlands Gill

Online discussions on sites like Mumsnet and local Facebook groups focus on school catchment, traffic, and finding trusted tradespeople. Common queries include the best primary schools, bus times, and recommendations for dog walkers. There are active groups for community events.

  • Best primary school: Rowlands Gill Primary vs. St. Joseph's in Whickham?
  • Commuting: Driving vs bus to Newcastle?
  • Flood risk: Should I buy near the river?
  • Internet speed: Which provider gives best fibre?
  • Tradespeople: Recommendations for plumbers, electricians.
  • Dog walking spots: Chopwell Wood vs. Gibside?
  • Council tax: How much for Band B?

Life in Rowlands Gill Summary

Rowlands Gill offers a balanced lifestyle with rural tranquility and urban connectivity. Pros include low crime, good schools, and outdoor activities. Cons include limited local employment and reliance on cars for some services. Overall, it's an excellent choice for families, retirees, and nature lovers.

  • Pro: Strong community spirit and village events.
  • Pro: Exceptional access to the Derwent Valley and Gibside.
  • Pro: Lower house prices than Newcastle.
  • Con: Public transport limited to buses; no rail station.
  • Con: Few amenities within walking distance (no supermarket).

Important Places and Distances from Rowlands Gill

The village centre is compact, but key places are spread. Distances are approximate.

  • Rowlands Gill Primary School: 0.3 miles (5 min walk).
  • Rowlands Gill Library: 0.2 miles (3 min walk).
  • Rowlands Gill Medical Centre: 0.4 miles (8 min walk).
  • Crown & Thistle pub: 0.1 miles (2 min walk).
  • Co-op supermarket: 0.2 miles (4 min walk).
  • Derwent Walk access: 0.1 miles (next to the village centre).
  • Gibside car park: 1.5 miles (30 min walk).
  • Blaydon Railway Station: 2 miles (5 min drive).
  • Metrocentre: 4 miles (10 min drive).
  • Newcastle City Centre: 8 miles (15-20 min drive).
  • Newcastle Airport: 12 miles (25 min drive).
  • Chopwell Wood car park: 2.5 miles (7 min drive).

Nearby Locations and Cities

The region offers diverse destinations. Whickham (2 miles) has a good high street. Consett (9 miles) provides shopping and the Empire Theatre. Newcastle (8 miles) is the major city. Durham (15 miles) is historic. Sunderland (20 miles) has coastal attractions. The Northumberland coast (Bamburgh, 45 miles) is spectacular.

  • Whickham – shops, cafes, and secondary school.
  • Blaydon – railway station, Asda supermarket, and market.
  • Consett – retail park and leisure centre.
  • Newcastle upon Tyne – cultural hub, nightlife, shopping.
  • Gateshead – Metrocentre, Sage, Baltic.
  • Durham – cathedral, university, city walks.
  • Beamish – open-air museum.
  • Sunderland – beaches and winter gardens.
  • Hexham – market town, gateway to Hadrian's Wall.
  • Northumberland coast – Alnwick Castle, Bamburgh, Holy Island.

Geography & Location

Region
North East
Local Reach
High Growth
Timezone
UTC/Local

Fascinating Local Facts

- Rowlands Gill is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England.
- It lies on the River Derwent, approximately 6 miles (10 km) south-west of Newcastle upon Tyne city centre.
- The village's name is thought to derive from the 'Rowans' (mountain ash trees) and 'Gill' (a narrow valley).
- The Derwent Walk Railway Path, a 10-mile route for walkers and cyclists, passes through the village on a former railway line.
- Rowlands Gill station was closed in 1962 as part of the Beeching cuts.
- The area includes several historic collieries, reflecting its mining heritage.
- Nearby Gibside National Trust estate is a popular attraction with gardens and a folly.
- Chopwell Wood, a large forested area, lies just south-west of the village.
- The village has a population of around 6,000 according to the 2011 census.
- Rowlands Gill has a primary school, a library, and a leisure centre.
- The local football club is Rowlands Gill FC.
- The village is close to the A694 road and the A1(M) motorway junction 65.
- Bus services connect Rowlands Gill to Newcastle, Consett, and Gateshead.
- The annual Rowlands Gill Gala is a community event with parades and stalls.
- The area is known for its green spaces and access to the Derwent Valley.

Rowlands Gill Quick Facts

Essential information and unique highlights about the city at a glance.

# Key Insight / Local Fact
1 Rowlands Gill is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England.
2 It lies on the River Derwent, approximately 6 miles (10 km) south-west of Newcastle upon Tyne city centre.
3 The village's name is thought to derive from the 'Rowans' (mountain ash trees) and 'Gill' (a narrow valley).
4 The Derwent Walk Railway Path, a 10-mile route for walkers and cyclists, passes through the village on a former railway line.
5 Rowlands Gill station was closed in 1962 as part of the Beeching cuts.
6 The area includes several historic collieries, reflecting its mining heritage.
7 Nearby Gibside National Trust estate is a popular attraction with gardens and a folly.
8 Chopwell Wood, a large forested area, lies just south-west of the village.
9 The village has a population of around 6,000 according to the 2011 census.
10 Rowlands Gill has a primary school, a library, and a leisure centre.
11 The local football club is Rowlands Gill FC.
12 The village is close to the A694 road and the A1(M) motorway junction 65.
13 Bus services connect Rowlands Gill to Newcastle, Consett, and Gateshead.
14 The annual Rowlands Gill Gala is a community event with parades and stalls.
15 The area is known for its green spaces and access to the Derwent Valley.